雅思写作思想总结（精选17篇）_雅思写作思想总结
发表时间：2019-06-14雅思写作思想总结（精选17篇）。
✦ 雅思写作思想总结
2016雅思写作复习技巧
雅思写作要多积累多写，不要一味的依靠模板。yjbys网小编为大家带来2016雅思写作复习技巧分享，希望大家能有所收获!
1、确定文章的框架和结构是雅思议论文写作的前提。
文章的framework即文章的结构永远是决定一篇写作是否达到要求的最重要的标准，即一篇文章好不好， 首先看的不是他的句型， 词汇， 或是论点等。 而是段落之间的衔接一定要十分清楚，我们不能老是采用大三段的形式-开头，经过，结尾。我们可以多用用连接词，例如：first of all, morever, secondly, lastly等。另外可以多分自然段，给考官一目了然的感觉。
还有我们可以多看看国外的文章，看看他们的写作模式，这样写出来的雅思大作文写作才能更加贴近考官的标准。
2、掌握多样的句型是大家灵活应用英语语言的最佳体现。
如果一篇文章，从头到尾，永远用的只有一种句型，那么这篇文章一定拿不到高分，我们可以适当的改换一下句型。
基本句型包括：Ⅰ。主谓句; Ⅱ. There be; Ⅲ. 主系表结构的句子; Ⅳ. 被动语态(我看到一张帖字说， 不要用被动， 我不这样认为， 国外的文章， 用被动的也比比皆是。)
复杂句型包括：Ⅰ. 并列句; Ⅱ. 从句(定语，状语，名词性，非谓语)
3、熟练的掌握大量的词汇是雅思议论文写作的基础也是大家拿到高分的最重要的保障。
说实话做到这点真的很难， 首先你要有庞大的词汇量，第二你要用的恰当，不出错误。当然大家可以累计一些固定搭配的词汇，例如：激烈的竞争 fierce competition等。
4、多举EXAMPLE(重要)雅思雅思议论文写作技巧中的重要组成部分。
大家不要小看这点，对于写作基础不是很好的考生来说，这点是最重要的。一篇文章如果让你从头到尾都在讲道理，根本没有那么多话要说。而且有时候还不一定说的清楚。那么这时候你就用例子来表明你的观点。另外考官也是很欢迎考生在雅思大作文写作中举例子的，因为这样更具体。
以上就是关于雅思议论文写作的备考技巧的.分析，非常详细。大家在备考自己的雅思议论文的时候，可以从这几项最基础的点入手，这样就能在更大范围上总结出更多更加适合自己的方法和绝招了。
拓展阅读：2016雅思写作技巧之如何打开你的写作思路
一、跳槽的原因及解决办法
1.相关词汇： Fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly, keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society
2.原因： (1)社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化 (2)处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识 (3)金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多 (4)家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学
3.解决方法：(1)要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success (2)chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ,not reliable (3)政府和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare,改善城市和community的环境，留住人才 (4)公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识
二、大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么 平衡写：
1. 认为应该提供实际知识的：(1)大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能(2)有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家
2. 反对方(1) It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法 (2) 不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian, narrow-minded, lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school
3. 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development,培养学生具有creative mind in some special field,而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。 雅思写作经典开头模板
雅思考试获得了英国、澳大利亚和加拿大院校的'100%认可，也是这3个国家技术移民签证申请的语言能力证明。下面是小编分享的雅思写作模板，希望能帮到大家!
The issue of … is a complex and sensitive one.
It is an inescapable problem that…
…The question is , is the price worth paying?
…seems to be an inceasingly widespread problem and I think … is/ are prbably responsible for that.、
Altough it is not a particularly widely discussed topic , there has been some dicussion about the idea of …
A large number of people shoule hold the idea that…
A great many people should argue that…
A large number of people have begun to question…
Many other insist that…
They emphasize that…
It means so many different things to different people.
It varies from people to people.
Different people hold different opinions about…
Different people have different understanding on…
This essay will show some reasons of argument for and qrgument against.
In this essay, I’d like to explore this issue from both perspectives.
It is necessary to look at this isusse on both sides before giving my opinion.
The following passage will present the pros and cons of it, along with my personal veiws.
In this essay I will give the explaination for that phenomenon, along with my suggestion to solve the issue.
In this issus I will argue that…
In my opinion, this commom and serious issue is a indication of the wide gap between these students’ unrealistic vision of school life and the disappointing reality.
Nowdays, there is a growing tendency for people to do sth.
These days more and more people find that…
There is a growing awareness over…
It is a common sense that…
There is a common belief that…
It is not uncommon for people to do sth.
Nowdays, there is a heated discussion as to whether or not the relationship between family members is as close as before.
There has long been a debate about whether the old people should be forced to retire from their work at the age of 60 or 65, regardless of their own wishes.
A debate often heard these days is that…
A much debated issue these days is…
The debate about… is one that has been going on for centuries. (long-lasting) 1.没有朋友的人是可怜的人，他们的生活不可能幸福。 Those who have no friends are poor people and you cannot expect them to be happy. 2.我们应该善于区分真朋友与酒肉朋友。 We should be able to distinguish real friends from purely business-typed ones. 3.交友不慎反受其害。 You fall victim to your friends if you are not selective of them. 4.俗话说：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 As the saying goes: Hanging around with honest friends, you learn to be honest; hanging around with dishonest friends, you learn to be dishonest. 5.有位朋友告诉我，在她的眼里，友谊比婚姻更宝贵。 A friend of mine once told me that in her eyes, friendship is more precious than marriage. 6.我认为友谊与婚姻从某种意义上讲非常相似，因为婚姻首先就应该是从友谊起步，是男女之间友谊的最高境界，但不是最后的终点。 I hold that in a sense, friendship and marriage are very similar because marriage is supposed to get started from friendship and is thus the highest level of friendship but not the fini shing line. 7.我认为这种观点有些夸张，朋友毕竟是朋友，无论如何也替代不了夫妻关系。 I think this view has some exaggeration in it. After all, friends are only friends and in no way could they replace the husband-wife relation. 8.不可否认，许多人非常势利，他们愿意与我们交朋友是因为我们对他们会有用处。 There’s no denying that some people are very snobbish and they would like to make friends with us simply because we are useful to them. 9.有时候，我们会因为被朋友欺骗了而感到特别伤心，因为真正的朋友不应该是这样子的。 Sometimes we may feel extremely sad when a friend has cheated us, for real friends should not be like that. 10.你可以一段时间里愚弄所有的人，或永远愚弄一部分人，但你绝对不可能永远愚弄所有的人。 You can fool all people some of the time or some people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 11.一提起友谊，我们总有没完没了的话可说，因为我们的朋友常常给我们带来无尽的欢乐。 Talking about friendship, we all have much to say because our friends always bring us endless joys and happiness. 12.有些人喜欢结交性格、爱好与自己相似的人，但也有人喜欢结交与自己非常不同的人，这些其实都不重要。 Some people choose friends who are different from themselves while others would like to have friends who are similar to themselves. This is, in fact, not important. 雅思写作，所以重要的不是你的思想而是你的表达方式。 比如 出国留学的优势和困难? 这样的话题大部分考生的答案都是相似的，无非是有学习语言的环境、了解西方文化、开阔视野、丰富人生经历，增加国际化经验等等，困难无非就是孤独、文化休克、学费压力、前途的未知等等，既然观点很难标新立异，就要让自己文章的表达法妙笔生花，句式灵活多样。解决的途径就是多读一些优秀的范文，多积累一些闪光词汇和漂亮的句式。网络上的以及出版物中的范文已经大量流传，只可参考观点不可背诵。但是范文中精彩的模板、多变的句式、词汇的亮点都是值得借鉴的。考生尤其要打造自己的个性化范文。 如何做到呢? 建议大家养成阅读和摘抄的习惯，然后在不同的文章提炼出不同的经典句型和词汇亮点，比如说总结原因的句型找3句，解决方法的找3句，提出意见的3句。当然，找完之后不能照搬，否则会走进模板的死胡同，那怎么办?毕竟经典的东西有限，而中国大陆地区的考生确实近百万人!别着急，把你找出来的经典同义词替换、句型转换好了现在这些就是你自己独一无二的经典模板了!然后你在练习各种类型的题目时就可以无数次的使用以加深印象，在考试的时候才能做到融会贯通、行文流畅，自圆其说。 到了中午放学，我赶快写完作业，因为今天我们要到飞机场接我舅舅，跟舅舅玩，还舅舅家的弟弟，就没有时间写作业了。 突然，数学老师来了，下位聊天的同学飞速地跑回座位、看漫画书的同学快速地把书装回书包、写作业的同学立马把作业收回桌子里、摆弄玩具的同学一瞬间地把玩具收回裤口袋里教室里一片平静。数学老师布置完作业之后就走了，不过，教室里却依然一片宁静，因为同学们都在认真完成自己的作业。 我叫×××，本次论文指导老师是×××老师，我选的毕业论文题目是《提升浙江省出口优势产业集群竞争力的对策研究》，下面我先汇报一下自己选择这篇论文的动机以及论文选题背景、基本写作思路、理论与实践意义。 有一种爱，我们会享用一生，温暖一生；有一种爱，让我们成长，学会坚强。这就是伟大无私的父母之爱！在我们的生活中，父母的爱无处不在。我们只要用心体会，就能随时随地地感受到父母的爱如大海般宽广。我和妈妈其实经常会发生矛盾，比如他不给我买书。她总是说没几个小时就看完了太浪费。平时写作业，她总是不陪我。老师也觉得她不够关心我，所以我一直以为妈妈总是关心妹妹，对我不太关心。有一天，天上下起了倾盆大雨，我在学校里想着：我到底要不要冒着大雨冲到家里呢？如果冲，就会被大雨淋湿，如果不冲，我就不能回家了。我正苦恼着到底要不要冒着雨冲到家里呢？当我在苦恼的时候，妈妈来了。我问：“妈妈为什么来学校？”妈妈说“当然是来救你啦。”我的心情犹雨后天晴。母亲啊！是我错怪你了。妈妈，你是荷叶，我是红莲，心中的雨点来了，除了你，谁是我在无遮拦天空下的保护伞呢。 2015雅思大作文写作模板「汇总」
1.直接表述观点
Well, do you think people can tell you their real thoughts just through phone? Without person-to-person contact, it is unlikely for you to
dig deep into their minds and unlikely to get truth.
大部分情况下,英文是首句中心句,段落其他部分是支持中心句的内容,所以听到首句就是主要意思,因此这种模式相对简单,表示观点的词,比如赞成(support, be for …,go for… be on the side of…, quite agree with…),中立( mutual, just so so, you can try it, not the best),反对( not good, be against…, not recommend…, better avoid …),喜欢(be favor of, like, prefer),一般态度(it's ok, but…),不喜欢(dislike),必须( must, it is necessary…),依情况而定( it depends),没必要( not necessary),等等.
2.直接观点表达
Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike. A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution.--支持
Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief- the TENS machine-a small battery-powered gadget which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.--反对
It can be useful to get special orthopaedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in OUR posture.--中立 Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers--中立 在雅思小作文中，经常会出现雅思写作题材，那么雅思写作写作技巧有哪些呢?下面就来看看小编为大家收集整理的雅思写作书信技巧，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。 雅思写作书信写作一般要求称呼语、信的主题内容和结束语三部分： 雅思写作书信写作称呼语： 在考试中，如果是给熟悉的人写信可以直呼其名或用他们的昵称，比如：Sonic 或 Kitty如果与对方不是很熟悉可以使用Dear Mr. Lee或 Dear Sir or Madam等。 雅思写作书信写作信的主体： 一般题目中除了会对写信的背景进行介绍，还会提供3-4个子标题作为提示。在信的主体部分，考生应该尽量清楚直接的书写信件。第一段应该说明信的主旨，然后在后续的段落里提供细节，清楚的说明你希望收信人该如何做进一步的反应。 雅思写作书信写作结束语： 在结束语中总结心境或写信的目的。在写信人的名字前加上sincerely yours，thankful或 obedient。这种总结与没有什么真正的目的，但确是应有的礼节。一封信若是没有礼貌的结束语则没有敬意可言了。 创作一封清晰、简明的书信关键是要通过选取正确的语言，并利用清晰的方式表达出来。写每一封书信前都需要了解这封信是写给谁的及收信人与你之间的关系，同时要明确写信的原因及场合等。 过了两三个星期，我在我的座位上坐着写作业，他给了我一袋东西，便走了。我打开来一看，有一封信，还有一只精致的小木船比我以前的好多了，我打开那封信，上面写着： B君选择了一条笔直的道路，一路上不会有崎岖坎坷，他心想，只要能够一直走下去，就能够抵达终点，并且他坚信着，有了丰盛的食物，他就不会有饿肚子的烦恼。然后他快乐的一往无前……终于，他发现原来笔直的路上让他的路程尽是枯燥，让他感到一切都是那么乏味……他开始加快了脚步，恨不得一步跨向尽头，然后美美地享受一番，然而他却没有乐滋滋的权利，慢慢地，他也开始变得无谓，然后不断地滋生一个个的念头，“重新找一条路走？AC君如何？……”也许，他也失去了走出迷宫的方法…… 许多人都曾经写过一些关于歌手的文章，譬如他，许嵩，如果自己没有记错的话，像是有一篇高考作文是满分的，题目为《这世界需要你》其内容是怎样，我无法知道，只是觉得仿佛只要是一个人，均是可以有些东西可以学的，无论是歌还是为人精神，内在品质，以及表现出来的气质，在那之前我们学校举行的作文比赛时我也看过有一些同学是写了许嵩的，当时我自己也是不追许嵩的，没有特别喜欢的歌手，只有最喜欢的歌，那是那篇写许嵩的作文是用美文的手法写的，其写作技巧老师说其是老道的手法。 Education 类词汇 培养（某种素质）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展 promote the student‘s physical, mental(或者用intellectual)and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 学习能力 （后天学习到的）ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育（名词）schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate(vt)the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths 传授知识 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念 instill(vt)high moral values(注以values 复数比试价值观)给学生以灵感 stimulate the students;thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting/upbringing 教学法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应（动词）adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力 adaptability 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握 students‘ grasp/ command(nouns)of what has been taught 限制创造力的发展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt)creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts)the students‘ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt)one‘s character 责任感 a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器 student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背 learn thing by rote.记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply(vt) 盲从 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately（adv） 用填压式教学教育学生 force-feed(vt)the students 来自于其他同学的压力 peer pressure 独立思考： think independently(adv)逆境 adverse circumstances / 团队精神 team spirit(noun)在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈 students‘ feedback 或者students‘ input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers‘ performance 课外活动 extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief(nouns)不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生 disruptive/ unruly students 通才 generalist 专才 specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 理论知识theoretical knowledge 为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being/welfare(注意这里welfare 不是―福利‖的意思)人文学科（文学、历史、语言学等）humanities 社会科学（政治、经济、社会学等）social sciences 艺术（音乐、雕塑等）arts 文科的总称 liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科（物理、化学、生物等）sciences 工科（工程，自动化等）engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-leveleducation 职业教育 vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/youths Technology & media 词汇 尖端的技术 cutting-edged(adj)technology 信息爆炸 information explosion/information overload 信息时代 the information age/ the information era 无联网被广泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新及发展 technological innovations/inventions/ advances/ progressions(nouns)提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)efficiency 提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)productivity 减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery 自动化 automation(noun)/ automated(adj)生物技术 biotechnology 克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb) 远程通讯telecommunications(noun) 太空探索（名词）space exploration 人的基因构成 one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programming 实事current affairs 新闻界 the press 印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志）the print media 报道新闻的机构 news outlets 电子媒体 the electronic media 无处不在的 prevalent/ubiquitous/ pervasive 审查 censor 删除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts)过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 有误导性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted 诈骗性的 fraudulent 虚假的false/ bogus 报道非常详细的细节 report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作 media hype 夸大事实 exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用)客观公正的 objective and balanced 揭露 expose/reveal 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ‗ s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one‘s reputation 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plural) 丑闻 scandals 掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective 如实描写 factual accounts 可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable 及时的 up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute（后者比前者更及时）信息量大的 informative 娱乐性强的 entertaining 有新闻价值 newsworthy 道德准则 code of ethic 或者code of conduct Tourism 类词汇 旅游景点 tourist attraction/ spots/ places of interest 开阔眼界 broaden one‘s horizon 游客与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流 promote cultural communication 亲身体验（名词）first-hand experience(noun)吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to(vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等）multi-sensory(adj) 冲突 conflict(noun, vi+with) 争端 discord/ dissension 把游客和当地人隔绝 seclude / isolate(vts)the tourists from the locals 商业化commercialize/ commodify（vts） 欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-hand experience/ vicarious experience 文化遗产cultural heritage 互联网不会让旅游业过时The Internet will not render tourism Government 类词汇 当局 authorities 老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民，不可数) 规范，管理regulate/ administer/ oversee(vts) 实施implement 立法 legislate/make laws 严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether 严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation 监督scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt)为…拨款 allocate money to subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/finance(vt)/ fund(vt)dedicate money to something 预算budget 税收tax revenue 削减curtail 政府在某方面的开支 the government spending/ expenditure on something 增加augment 责任obligation/ responsibility 当务之急 priority 把…当成当务之急 give priority to something.军备竞赛 arms race 自卫 self-defense 国土安全 national security/ homeland security 缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy 扩张 expansion/ aggression 谋求霸权 seek/pursue(vts)hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle 地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factor 规章制度 rules and regulations 太空竞赛 space race 武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments 下岗工人 lay-off workers/downsize workers 失业 unemployment/ joblessness 基础设施infrastructure—比如public transport system 公共交通系统，power grid 电网pipelines 给排水系统等water supply and drainage system 民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government Animals 类词汇 动物权益保护主义者 animal rights activists 医学研究 medical research 残忍的cruel/merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal 活体解剖 vivisection 麻醉anaesthetic 减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals‘ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters 偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun)给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort 某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacement/ substitutes/ alternatives(单数则去掉s)for something.Language & Culture 必备词汇 一种可以通用的语言（比如英语）a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English 英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language 小语种将会消亡 Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等 Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.保护 preserve 祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词) 少数民族 ethnic minorities 民族团结 the harmony between ethnic group/ race 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影响 interaction 文化多元性 cultural diversity 狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality 丰富 enrich 贬低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/discredit 某事不是一成不变的 something is not set/carved in stone Development类常用词汇 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people 交通堵塞 traffic 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/money-worshipping 扶贫poverty alleviation 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词) 阻碍impede/ hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 就业机会 job opportunity/employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ deprived/destitute 撞车car wrecks/ car accidents 行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators 特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic values(注意审美观的英文说法是 aesthetic values 复数)有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance 民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape 摩天楼skyscrapers 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated 搬迁 relocate(vi,vt)拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building 城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside 城市化 urbanization 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural 在家上班（动词）telecommute 休闲leisure/recreation 精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment 娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laissez-faire management 雇用 recruit 运营成本 operating costs/overhead costs 会导致效率降低的counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool 抑郁症 depression 失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia 爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom 营养过剩 over nourishment 控制人口birth control/family planning 缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle Environment 类常用词汇 生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium 节约使用 conserve(vt)可持续发展 sustainable development 再利用（动词）reuse/recycle 环保主义者 environmentalists/ conservationists 保护preserve 对环境无害的environmentally-friendly 污染pollute/ contaminate 必须携手解决环境问题： must make a concerted effort resolve/address environmental problems.破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources 短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 增强公众关于…的意识 raise the public awareness of something 毒的 poisonous/ toxic 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resource 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 可再生资源 renewable resource 不可再生资源non-renewable resource(金属metal, 矿产 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然气natural gas, 煤coal 等，后三种可以总称为fossil fuels) 消耗（某种资源）consume/deplete 用尽 use up/ exhaust 严厉的措施 harsh action/ measures 生态系统 ecosystem/ ecological system 生物多样性 biodiversity 某一地区所有的生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna)of a region 污水effluent/sewage 排放discharge 温室效应 greenhouse effect /global warming 严重的severe /grave 白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone(vts)something 臭氧层ozone layer 耕地 arable land/ farmland 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤infertile soil Crime 类常用词汇 触犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law 犯罪 commit a crime 罪行offences/crimes/ criminal acts 罪犯 criminal/ offender/ perpetrator 从犯 accomplice /accessory(noun) 囚犯 inmate/convicts 憎恨社会 resent society/ hold a grudge against society 牢房cell 受害者 victim 心理创伤 trauma 被绳之以法be brought to justice 监禁 imprison 宽容的 lenient 执法部门 law enforcement 改造罪犯 reform/ rehabilitate criminals agencies 重罪 heinous crime/ flagitious crime/ felony 轻罪 petty crime /misdemeanor 初犯的人 first-time offender 惯犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals 再次犯罪revert to crime 守法的公民 law-abiding citizens 遵守法律 abide by/ comply with the law 无视… disregard 给某人造成心理创伤 traumatize someone 抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture 犯罪倾向 criminal tendency Globalization 类常用词汇 (一个国家或者地区的)文化特性（national or regional）cultural identity 全球文化同一化过程（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性（或者叫文化均质性，名词）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword.Women & Family 类常用词汇 两性平等 gender equality 性别歧视 sexism/ gender discrimination 一个开明的社会a progressive/ enlightened society 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(noun) 抚养孩子 child rearing(noun)母性的本能 maternal instinct 家务 housework / household chores 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens 家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties 归属感 a sense of belonging 对…的依恋 an attachment to an affinity for something 贫穷的家庭 deprived families 富裕的家庭 affluent families 单亲家庭 single-parent household 虐待 mistreat/ abuse 家庭暴力 domestic violence 毒品上瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs 说明一物的利弊 1、AAA has improved the quality of our lives and are playing an important role in our daily life.The benefits AAA brings to us are far more than its disadvantages.However, we cannot ignore its problem.2、On the positive side, AAA has enabled us to(1)此处填入 AAA 的优势之一。For instance,（2）举例说明优势之一。Besides,(3)AAA 的优势之二。Nowadays,(4)举例说明优势之二。In addition,（5）AAA 的优势之三。 3、On the negative side,(6)此处填入 AAA 的劣势之一。For example,(7)举例说明劣势之一。Besides,(8)AAA 的劣势之二。Furthermore,(9)AAA 的劣势之三。 4、All in all, we can not live without AAA for the conveniences it brings to us, but we should also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life.分析型 1、Recently the...has been brought into focus...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.In this essay, I aim to explore this complicated phenomenon from diverse perspectives, identify the relevant contributing factors and bring up some effective measures.2、As far as I am concerned, an array of integrated factors contributes to the...The first role that should be blamed is...Another equally important factor lies in… Last but not least...3、As a matter of fact,...gives rise to a host of problems, such as...Confronted with such a thorny issue, people come up with a variety of constructive countermeasures.Personally, the following are worth recommendation...4、When everyone is fully aware of the severity and take feasible measures, I firmly believe...一面倒 1、.NO invention has received more praises and abuses than cars… Now there is a growing awareness over traffic safety.2、Although some people acclaim that… I am still prone to go along with the other side based on the following sound reasons...3、To embark on it, it comes as the first problem that...4、Should it remain unable to unfold my perspectives, it'll come as reinforcement that… 5、It is indisputable that nowhere in history has...been more visible.As far as I am concerned…TASK 2 命题形式一：对立观点式 （一）A or B ,which one do you agree with? Give specific reasons for your answer.(A,B 表示供选择的两种观点。Do C 指题目中提及的某件事情。如：some people prefer A in order to Do C.1、A much debated issue these days is whether A or B.Some people say that A.Others claim B.For my part, I agree with those who stress A.Studies have shown that(1)赞同 A 的原因之一。Moreover,(2)赞同 A 的原因之二。Nevertheless, it would be a mistake to discount the impact of B.We all know that(3)列举 B 的优势。For instance,(4)举例说明 B 的优势。However, I think that without A,B will fail to(5)总结观点。 2、Some people hold the opinion of A.Others, however, believe B.there are advantages and disadvantages on both sides.Accounting to my personality and fondness, I would prefer A rather than B.Although B(1)B 的优势，there is no evidence to suggest that B is better than A.Firstly,(2)选择 A 的第一个原因。Secondly,(3)选择 A 的第二个原因。We can see that(4)举例说明选择 A 的第二个原因。Furthermore,(5)选择 A 的第三个原因。For instance,（6）举例说明选择 A 的第三个原因。So, as I see it,(7)总结观点。 3、As for the question that which is better, A or B, different people have different opinions.A has its advantages, but at the mean time, it has many disadvantages.In my point of view, I would prefer B.First of all,(1)支持 B 的原因之一。For example,(2)举例说明支持 B 的原因之一。Another reason is that(3)支持 B 的原因之二。The third reason, however, goes4、Some people believe A, they point out the fact that(1)人们支持 A 的原因。However, other people believe B.They hold that(2)人们支持 B 的原因。As far as I’m concerned, I prefer A.As we all know(3)我支持 A 的原因之一。I remember(4)举例说明。In addition,(5)我支持 A 的原因之二。On the other hand,(6)从反面论证 A 的优势。Last but not least,(7)我支持 A 的原因之三。As a matter of fact, there are also some disadvantages in A，such as(8)举例说明 A 的劣势。But these can be compensated by its advantages.5、There are two different views on the matter of DOING C.Some people believe that(1)支持的观点 A.By this , they argue that(2)进一步阐述观点 A.For example,(3)举例说明。Others hold, on the other hand, that(4)反对的观点 B。Furthermore,(5)进一步阐述观点 B.For instance,(6)举例说明观点 B。Considering the views on the two sides, I prefer to put weight to the pros rather than cons.personally,(7)我支持 A 的原因。this way:(4)支持 B 的原因之三。So from what has been discussed, one can reach only this conclusion that(5)重申观点。 （二）给出两个对立的事物或一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生比较两者的优缺点并提供理由。Some people believe AAA while others believe BBB.Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support.Give reasons for your answer.1、AAA has improved the quality of our lives and played an important role in our daily life.The benefits AAA brings to us are far more than its disadvantages.However, it also creates some problems as well.On the positive side, AAA has enabled us to(1)此处填入 AAA 的优势之一。For instance,(2)举例说明优势之一。Besides,(3)AAA 的优势之二。Nowadays,(4)举例说明优势之二。In addition,(5)AAA 的优势之三。On the negative side,(6)此处填入 AAA 的劣势之一。For example,(7)举例说明劣势之一。Also,(8)AAA 的劣势之二。Furthermore,(9)AAA 的劣势之三。All in all , we can’t live without AAA for the conveniences it brings to us, but we should also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life.2、Some people believe AAA, but others claim BBB, while both have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances.For AAA,(1)优势之一。However, in some cases, there are some negative effects.Most seriously,(2)AAA 的第一个劣势。Moreover,(3)AAA 的第二个劣势。Again,(4)AAA 的第三个劣势。On the other hand,(5)BBB 的优势。For example,(6)举例说明 BBB 的优势。In my opinion, the advantages of BBB are more than those of AAA, because3、AAA may involve some problems in terms of its cost.However, there are still many advantages of AAA.First of all,(1)AAA 的优势之一。Furthermore,(2)AAA 的优势之二。Finally,(3)AAA 的优势之三。Some people claim that(4)人们反对 AAA 的理由之一。I don’t think this is altogether true.In fact,(5)举例说明.People also say that(6)人们反对 AAA 的另一个理由.It is true that such cases do exist in out life.However, these cases are uncommon and are the result of bad management.So the problems are in fact the problems of bad management, not AAA itself.In conclusion, there are more advantages than disadvantages of AAA.In most cases, therefore, the cost is justified.4、There is a good side and a bad side to everything.Without exception, AAA has brought us not only benefits but also risks.As we know that(1)AAA 的一个劣势。However, this does not mean AAA has no benefits.It is obvious that(2)AAA 的优势之一。Also,(3)AAA 的优势之二。A final point is that(4)AAA 的优势之三。For example,(5)举例说明。Although there is a great deal of enthusiasm nowadays over the advantages of AAA, its disadvantages should not be neglected.Most importantly,(6)AAA 的劣势之一。Furthermore,(7)AAA 的劣势之二。Last but not least,(8)AAA 的劣势之三。However, we can avoid the negative effects with appropriate management such as(9)列举控制 AAA 负面影响的措施。So as shown above, I consider the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.命题形式二：单一观点式 Statement A about AAA.Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.1、I full agree with the argument that(1)支持观点 A.For one thing(2)支持观点 A 的原因之一。For another,(3)支持观点 A 的原因之二。History has told us that(4)历史证明 A 的正确性。For example,(5)举例证明。Furthermore,(6)进一步阐述 A 的正确性。But some people stubbornly cling to(7)人们反对观点 A.If we listen to these people we will(8)听从那些 2、According to the opinion of some people , there are quite different attitudes towards AAA.Some claim that(1)人们的观点 AAA.However, I cannot agree(2)我反对观点 AAA.First,(3)我反对 AAA 的第一个理由。That is to say(4)进一步阐述。Second,(5)我反对 AAA 的第二个理由。In fact,(6)举例说明。Finally,(7)我反对 AAA 的第三个理由。To sum up,(8)总结我的观点。But it is also necessary to stress that(9)退一步总结。 3、It is often said that(1)题目所给的观点。Those who hold this view say that(2)进一步阐述该观点。I disagree with this point of view for the following reasons.The first and foremost one is(3)我反对的理由之一。History presented many examples(4)举例说明。My second reason is(5)我反对的理由之二。We can learn this from the saying “(6)用一句谚语说明 ”.Finally, it seems4、The problem is a much debated one in that it affects everybody in their daily lives.People may prefer one to another, although some have no opinion about it.But if I am concerned, I find it hard to agree with AAA.First of all,(1)我反对 AAA 的第一个理由。It is common in daily life that(2)举例说明。Another thing I should point out is that(3)我反对 AAA 的第二个理由。Moreover,(4)我反对 AAA 的第三个理由。In general, AAA may have something right in special cases.But it is necessarily a bad thing to(5)AAA 的缺陷。To my mind,(6)总结我的观点。 5、There is a growing tendency these days for people to do AAA.Many people criticize this because they think(1)人们观点 AAA.They also say that(2)进一步阐述观点 AAA.But it seems to me that AAA is useful to(3)AAA 的好处之一。I firmly BBB fits me in two ways: first,(7)我支持 BBB 的原因之一。Second,(8)我支持 BBB 的原因之二。人会产生的后果。In conclusion, I think we should not(9)我们不应该怎麽做。On the contrary, we should(10)我们应该怎麽做。to be true that(7)此处填入该观点的可取之处。But(8)我反对的理由之三。All in all, I firmly believe that(9)总结我的观点。 believe that it is not only useful but also necessary to(4)AAA 的好处之二。Examples can be easily found(5)举例说明。As a result,(6)进一步说明 AAA 的好处。So, based on the above discussion, I argue that(7)总结我的观点。 （二）给一个论点，主要是对两个事务进行比较的陈述，要求考生支持或反对并给出理由。具体表现如下： A is superior to B in DOING C.Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.1、Something we all cannot neglect as we get older is to accept the opinions of others.On the question whether it is better to CHOOSE A or CHOOSE B, I have long admitted that A has a strong argument.Privately ,however,(1)提出自己的观点支持 B.I disagree with the above statement and support the superiority of Ｂ.Although(2)A 具备的优势。There is no evidence to suggest that(3)A 胜于 B.What’s more,(4)A 的一个缺点。It also has been said that(5)A 的第二个缺点。To be sure,(6)支持 B 的一个理由。Another thing why I dispute the statement above is that I am very sure that(7)支持 B 的另一个理由。For example,(8)举例说明。In conclusion, A could never equal B(9)A 和 B 的比较，总结观点。 2、This controversy describes the dilemma faced by many people.As for me, I agree with the above statement that A is superior to B in DOING Ｃ.It is an obvious fact that(1)赞同 A 比 B 好的第一个原因。For instance,(2)举例说明。Another reason I should point out lies in the fact that(3)赞同 A 比 B 好的第二个原因。In today’s world,(4)举例说明。This may explain why A is better than B.on the other hand , a common sense goes that(5)B 的劣势之一。Moreover,(6)B 的劣势之二。To conclude,(7)总结我的观点。 命题形式三：开放观点式 Argument A(and B)about DOING Ｃ.What’s your opinion about it ? 1、An important question facing us today is(1)提出问题。Some argue that(2)观点 A.For example,(3)举例说明观点 A.Again,(4)进一步阐述观点 A.Opponents of this view say that(5)观点 B.They claim that(6)全面阐述 B.In my part, there are merits to both of these arguments.We should(7)我们应该赞同 A。At the same time,(8)同时也不能忽视 B.2、Nowadays almost everyone discusses about whether AAA is desirable.People’s views on it are different.Some people believe A.they argue that(1)阐述观点 A.People who believe B, on the other hand ,argue that(2)阐述观点 B.They maintain that (3)进一步阐述观点B.There is certain some truth on both sides, yet neither provides a satisfactory answer.In my view,(4)我的观点。We should(5)进一步阐述我的观点。As such,(6)这样做能带来的好处。 3、AAA is a question of controversy.People have different notions about the matter: some hold that(1)观点 A.Others think (2)观点 B.Therefore, I would like to have a look at the question in this essay.One of the strong points is that(3)AAA 的优势之一。Moreover,(4)AAA 的优势之二。In fact,(5)举例说明。On the other hand,(6)AAA 的劣势之一。In addition,(7)AAA 的劣势之二。For example,(8)举例说明。As shown above, I would like to say that(9)总结我的观点。So, each case should be reviewed and concluded on the basis of facts.4、People who support AAA hold that(1)观点 A.Perhaps this is true, but it can not be denied that(2)我提出反对意见。I think it is important to take a glance at the argument on both sides.On one side ,people may have reasons to believe AAA.The most important reason is(3)人们支持 AAA 的理由之一。In addition,(4)人们支持 AAA 的理由之二。For instance,(5)举例说明。Moreover,(6)人们支持 AAA 的理由之三。On the other hand, people who attack AAA claim that(7)观点 B.They also say that there will be problems of(8)AAA 带来的问题。As far as I am concerned, I come to the notion that everything in the world has its own two sides.Generally, AAA is acceptable in some cases.However, problems do exist.We should take more efficient measures to avoid and minimize them.Nowadays,(1)题目中问题。However, this situation has raised controversy.Some people say that(2)观点 A.They point out that(3)进一步阐述观点 A.For example,(4)举例说明。On the other hand, others say that(5)观点 B.In my opinion, neither side is completely right.It is true that(6)我的观点。For instance,(7)举例说明。However,(8)从反面来平衡我的观点 命题形式四：报告文 A specific problem AAA, suggest possible solutions(A,B,……)or recommendations(A,B,……).Give reasons for your answer.1、Nowadays AAA has become a serious problem in many countries.The reasons for this behavior are not clear , but some sociologists claim that(1)社会学家认为导致问题的原因。As a matter of fact,(2)进一步阐述此问题的原因。Consequently,(3)该原因产生的结果。In my point of view, a possible cause of the problem is that(4)我认为导致问题的原因之一。Also,(5)我人们导致问题的原因之二。The effects of this are well known,(6)AAA 造成的影响之一。Furthermore,(7)AAA 造成的影响结果之二。The cost to society is great.(8)社会上付出的代价。To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is(9)总结并提出建议。 2、People how are well aware of the problems AAA creates:(1)AAA 带来的问题。The solution, I think, is for government to(2)政府所要解决的问题。One way is that(3)措施之一。There is also another way(4)措施之二。Moreover,(5)措施之 三。Indeed, we should make great efforts to solve this problem(6)总结自己的观点。 3、In most countries AAA is causing a considerable number of problems.In some countries it is difficult to(1)阐述 AAA 带来的第一个问题。In addition,(2)AAA 带来的第二个问题。Also,(3)AAA 带来的第三个问题。In my opinion, there are two main solutions to the discussed question.Firstly,(4)第一个解决方案。Secondly,(5)第二个解决方案。This is beginning to have an effect in some countries.I believe that other countries will also take this way to solve the problem in the near future.To sum up, if the problem continues, the effects will be great.So we should(6)总结观点。 4、It is very difficult to(1)提出问题。There have been several attempts, but they have had generally little or no success.There methods are usually ineffective for many reasons.First,(2)这些方法不奏效的原因之一。Second,(3)这些方法不奏效的原因之二。In addition,(4)这些方法不奏效的原因之三。Another attempt is(5)提出另一种尝试。In my opinion, this is a waste of money and labor,(6)我认为这种尝试不奏效的原因之一。Also,(7)我人们这种尝试不奏效的原因之二。To conclude, no current methods as mentioned above are effective.I think governments as well as individuals need to work harder to find a realistic solution.5、One of the most challenging problems of today’s world is that(1)提出问题。It’s not only a question of the government but also a question of the individuals.I would like to discuss the possible solutions.First,(2)第一个解决方案。The advantage of this solution is that(3)第一个解决方案的优点点。The second one is(4)第二个解决方案。By this method,(5)第二个解决方案的优点。Unfortunately, this is not a truly available solution as the reality in our country shows.Another way of solving the problem is to(6)第三个解决方案。This does not seem a very fair one because(7)第三个解决方案不好的原因。One further solution here I can find is(8)第四个解决方案。However,(9)第四个解决方案的不足之处。In sum, it’s true that we can not find a definite solution for this problem.Each of the solution I presented has both advantages and disadvantages.But I believe it can be only a matter of time in the future.TASK 1 (一)信息描述或数据比较 1、The graph illustrates(1)总体介绍图表情况。According to the graph, in YEAR1,(2)YEAR1 年的信息描述。For example,(3)举例说明。However by YEAR2,(4)YEAR2 的信息描述。During the same period, there was a large increase in(5)描述数据转变。In YEAR1,(6)提供 YEAR1 的数据。In contrast, by YEAR2,（7）提供 YEAR2 的数据。We can conclude from this that(8)总结图表最突出的特点。 2、The two pie charts describe(1)总体介绍图表情况。This first point to note is(2)图表提供的第一条信息。Comparing the graphs,(3)两幅表比较。The graph also suggest that(4)图表说明的问题。In conclusion, it can be seen from the data that(5)总结图表数据所证明的内容。The most noticeable thing is(6)总结图表最突出的特点。 3、The first graph illustrates(1)总体介绍图表情况。The second graph shows(2)图表提供的第一条信息。The first graph reveals that(3)描述图表说明的问题。The second graph tells us that(4)图表说明的问题。As can be seen from the two graphs that (5)总结图表最突出的特点。 4、The two pie charts show(1)总体介绍图表情况。And the column chart gives reasons.Overall,(2)三幅图整体上所提供的信息。The pie charts shows that(3)图表提供的第一条信息。The highest percentage of(4)图表说明的问题 is(5)%.However, this is less than the percentage of(6)图表说明的问题 for some reasons, which is approximately(7)%.The common reasons of (8)are（9）原因。It is apparent that(10)描述数据所表明的内容。 5、The indicators used in the table reflect that(1)总体介绍图表情况。The data concerning(2)填入指数 1 indicators shows that(3)指数反映的情况。There figures are overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of(4)填入 1 个信息主体。（5）填入指数 2 reflect(6)指数反映的情况。As for(7)指数 3 indicators, it roughly follows the same ranking.(8)指数 3 反映的情况。According to(9)指数 4 it can be seen that(10)指数反映的情况。The data appears to confirm that(11)描述数据所表明的内容。 (二)描述事件的具体步骤或过程 The chart shows that there are four stages to complete(1)此处填入一件具体的事情。The first stage is(2)The second stage involves(3),(4)is the third stage.First of all,(5)完成步骤三的第一步Then(6)完成步骤三的第二步。The last stage consists of(7).(三)描述一事物说明她的工作程序 AAA is(1)the diagram shows it’s construction and how it works.It mainly consists of(2)AAA 的组成部分。AAA works as follows: first(3)then(4)Afterwards,(5).At last,(6).常见同义词归纳 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to 降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim 发生：Happen, occur, take place 原因：Reason, factor, cause 发展：Development, advance, progress 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous 影响：Influence, impact, effect 明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear 占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose 与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to 对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly 波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation 事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that 换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle 对考生的要求 在作文一中，题目中会给出一个或多个互相关联的图表、图解或表格，考生需对其中的事实或数据进行描述。题目也可以是一个机械图、装置图、或流程图，考生需对其运作方法进行解释。考生应该包含图中最重要以及最为相关的信息，一些次要的信息则可忽略。 考试时间有多长? 考生在这一部分最好不要使用超过20分钟的时间。 这一部分考察的是什么技能? 这一部分考察的是考生在图表或表格中选择最重要和最相关的信息、并对这些信息进行清晰描述的能力，考官将对考生组织这些信息的能力以及语言使用的准确性进行评分。作文一的内容是学术性的，因此考生应该运用学术写作的文体。考生应保证字数至少达到150字，否则将会被扣分。字数多于150字不会被扣分，但考生应注意如果在作文一花费太长时间，则作文二的用时将会减少，而如果作文二达不到最低的字数要求也是要被扣分的。考生应注意作文二比作文一所占的分数比例要大，因此考生应保证有充足的'时间完成作文二。 作文一是如何进行评分的? 考官将从以下方面对作文进行评分： 是否完成了写作要求：考生能否有效地找到信息中关键的内容并对之进行描述和写作; 连贯性和结构层次：考生能否将信息和要点进行组织，信息和要点之间的联系是否清晰; 词汇来源：考生使用的词汇是否广泛、准确、且适合这一部分写作的要求; 原文来源： 2014雅思写作考试流程 语法的多样性和准确性：考生使用的语法结构是否多样、准确、且适合这一部分写作的要求。 有什么需注意的方面? 考生需将作文写在答卷上; 字数如果达不到最低要求将被扣分; 文章内容如果偏题或者跑题将被扣分; 任何抄袭(如抄袭其他来源的内容)的作文将被重扣; 文章如果不完整、内容相互没有关联将被扣分(如在任何部分使用点句或笔记形式)。 作文二 在作文二中，题目中会给出一个看法、问题或议题，考生需就此进行论述。根据不同的情况，考生可能需要针对问题提出解决方法、论述和证明一个看法、对比和对照论据或看法、或者评价和反驳一个论点或观点。文章字数不能少于250字，建议考生用40分钟完成。 优点： 1)强调的点在我看来非常正确——准确流畅的运用，而非甩大词。 2)语法和词汇的难度对应和信息提供做得非常好。“十天”的难度分层很好，会明确标明哪里适合6.5及以下，哪里适合7分以上。这样就可以很好地安排阅读节奏，效率比较高。在此基础上，每一等级的学生都能找到适合自己的学习方法;更妙的是每一层内部的语法和词汇难度差不多，但和其他层级又都会有所不同。 3)趣味性。不得不说在大致同等的干货水平，下慎小嶷的书可读性还是比市面上绝大多数参考书要强的。这也是我最先看完这本书的一个次要原因。(有的'书真的是每天都要怀着英勇就义的心态翻开，T^T) 缺点： 1)模版化太强。这本书几乎被每一个要考雅思的学生列为“神书”。但是里面很多表达(注意，尤其是句子的表达)已经过度使用了。很多烤鸭基础没有到位，直接妄想着靠背点模板就能提高分数，那么我负责任告诉你，会死的很惨。 2)号称“十天”突破，其实是个严重标题党的书。文章内容之多，我看了两个月都没有看完。而且其实有些内容比较多余，看了比较浪费时间，而书又不标明哪些地方是多余的。 关于一种语言的消失是否值得挽救的话题，实际上涉及到两个雅思写作中比较重要的考点：1、语言相关的话题，可以从不同角度来出题。2、救不救的问题，包括动物救不救，植物救不救，文化救不救，语言救不救等，大家学习时要善于从“考点”的角度来看待素材，使备考更加具有针对性。 Losing a language forever is obviously regrettable, so it may be worthwhile for a government to intervene with funding to keep it alive, depending on the future prospects of the particular language. 一种语言永远消失显然是令人遗憾的，因此依据这一特定语言的发展前景，政府通过拨款使其继续存在或许是值得的。 1. 本句可以作为观点句使用，首先说明一种语言永远消失不是什么好事，但表述也并不绝对，因为在句尾补充到“要看这一特定语言的前景如何” 2. losing a language forever，动名词做主语，表示“一种语言永远消失” 3. regrettable，表示消极意义的形容词，意思是“令人遗憾的”，“可惜的”，之前使用副词来修饰形容词，obviously表示“很显然”，“明显地”。日常写作中应该不断增加表示积极或消极意义形容词的积累 5. it may be worthwhile for sb. to do sth. 常用句型需要积累，同时注意may be属于非绝对化表达，雅思写作的议论文中不会有太多非黑即白的观点，因此很多时候表达中需要“留有余地” 6. intervene with funding，干预，干预用的手段是funding，即“提供资金”，同时需要注意介词with不要用错，补充：to hope for government funding 希望获得政府资助。 7. keep it alive，表示“使之继续存在”，注意keep+n+adj的用法 8.depend on 表示“取决于…”，“根据…”，此处用作状语 9. the future prospects 表示“前景” 10. the particular language 表示“特定语言” 1. 除了句中出现的regrettable，整理表示积极和消极含义的形容词各3个，并造句，注意在语境下是否适用，不许使用good / bad -_-! 2. 关于今天的主题，写一个自己的观点句，写不出来就把今天这句话背下来 一般考到少数人使用的语言“救不救”的话题，必然涉及到这种语言的价值，那么提到这种语言代表了一个民族或者人群的历史和文化就是顺理成章的理由，也是需要积累的句型，因为除了“语言”，还有许多东西可以与“历史和文化价值”联系起来，所以这也是议论文中常用的理由之一。 A language is both an expression of a people’s history and culture. If it were lost, a rich and unique cultural heritage would be gone forever. 语言能够表现一个民族的历史和文化。如果语言消失，丰富而独特的文化遗产将永远消失。 1. 这句话从语言的历史文化价值角度，说明语言的消失是很可惜的，同时通过虚拟语气进行假设，作进一步说明。 2. an expression of 由于express本身是“表达”的意思，这里使用名词结构，同样指“表现，表达”，需要注意的是，尽管这里是n+of的结构，平时中英文互译的时候，会发生词性变化的情况，所以用中文进行理解时，可以不将其理解为“…的表现”，而是直接按照动词形式进行翻译和理解即可，也就是“表现一个民族的历史和文化”。 3. a people’s history and culture 注意people表示“人”的时候，本身属于集合名词，前面不能加冠词a，但表示“民族”这一含义时，可以用a people表示“一个民族”。 4. if it were lost, … would … 非常典型的虚拟语气，从句一般使用if+主语+一般过去时，主句一般使用主语+should/would/might/could来表达，表示这是一种假设，而非现实发生的客观事实。例如：If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 5. rich and unique 形容词结构的并列用法，表示丰富而独特的，都可以用来修饰后面的名词 6. cultural heritage 文化遗产，非常高频的表达。 尝试使用虚拟语气来表示假设。给出一个观点，然后通过假设进行进一步说明。 一般出现问题时，不少同学会写到需要政府如何如何，但是并不意味着所有情况政府都需要采取措施，因此“当…时候，政府就需要决定是否…”这一表达在议论文写作中是非常实用的。 When a minority language is only spoken by a few individuals, governments must choose whether to step in and spend money to save it. 当一种小众语言仅有很少人使用，政府必须选择是否介入并通过花费资金使其保存下来。 1. when引导的状语从句，重点关注“when…, governments must/should choose whether to …”这一表达方式 2. a minority language，表示“少数人使用的语言”，“少数民族语言”，“小众语言” 3. a few individuals 表示“一些人”，“没多少人” 4. step in 非常地道的表达，从字面来看就是“一步进去”的感觉，所以含义是“介入，干预” 5. spend money to save it，花费资金使其保存下来，这里的it指前文中的a minority language 使用“when…, governments must/should choose whether to …”这一句型进行造句。 这两句话属于标准的“给出现象+原因分析”的结构，使用的句型也是非常经典的，政府投入资金或许是挽救即将消失语言的一种方式，但语言的核心在于“use”这个词，由于日常生活中，小众语言不会经常被用到，因此继续存在会很困难。 In most cases, the speakers of a dying language are so few that no amount of money can rescue it. The main reason is that their offspring will often have no inclination or desire to use the language, because a more dominant language like English or Mandarin Chinese will be more relevant. 大多数情况下，由于一种即将消失的语言使用者过少，即使再多资金投入也无济于事。主要原因在于下一代的人往往没有意愿使用这种语言，因为像英语和普通话这种更为主流的语言与他们的生活更加相关。 1. in most cases，表示“大多数情况下”，是说明某种现象时常用的表达 2. a dying language一种即将消失的语言，其中dying表示“即将die的”，补充：a dying tradition / a dying industry 3. be so + adj + that …, 太…以至于…，这个句型一般用来表示某种事物的“程度和结果” 4. no amount of money在这里就是“没钱”或者“钱不管用”的意思 5. the main reason is that 引导原因常用的句型，表示“主要原因在于” 7. have no inclination or desire to do 此处inclination表示“倾向”，desire表示“意愿”，所以这一表达的含义是“没有意愿去做某件事” 8. a more dominant language 一种更具有主导地位的语言，dominant表示“主导的”，动词形式为dominate 9. English or Mandarin Chinese 英语和普通话，这算是使用人很多的语言了，也是比较常用的表达，口语和写作里要会用 10. relevant 表示“相关的，有关的”，把relevant用在这里属于非常地道的用法，指的是这些语言与我们的生活更相关一些。 使用今天学到的“给出现象+原因分析”的结构造句，可以直接用In most cases, …. The main reason is that…. 海洋及陆地环境的破坏和如此多物种的消失证明如今要弥补对环境的巨大损害已经为时过晚。 The destruction of marine and land environments and the disappearance of so many species is proof that it is already too late to reverse much of the damage. 大多数情况下，由于一种即将消失的语言使用者过少，即使再多资金投入也无济于事。主要原因在于下一代的人往往没有意愿使用这种语言，因为像英语和普通话这种更为主流的语言与他们的生活更加相关。 2. marine and land environments海洋和陆地环境 3. disappearance 消失，动词形式为disappear 5. is proof that + 完整句子，这里的that之后引导完整句子，是同位语从句，也就是后面这句话是proof的内容，中文可以直接理解或者翻译为“证明…” 6. it is already too late to do，这句话中it为形式主语，真正的主语是to do的部分，因此表达的含义为“做某件事已经为时过晚” 8. the damage 这里需要注意the可以作为指代关系使用，因此这里的the damage指的是上文中提到的那些现象。 整理5-10个关于环境破坏相关现象的表达，如文中出现的the disappearance of so many species等。 关于雅思作文写作指导 1、 Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons 2、 It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and examples in your answer. 3、 Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents’ generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer. 4、 Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you prefer? Explain why. 5、 Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land? Use specific details to explain your answer. 6、 Some people like doing work by ha12 Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 7、 You want to persuade someone to study your native language.What reasons would you give?Support your answer with specific details. 8、 You have been asked to suggest improvements to a park that you have visited. This might be a city park.a regional park,or a national park.What improvements would you make?Why?Use specific reasons and examples to support your recommendations. 辨证客观思维题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should read only those books that are about real events,real people, and established facts.Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion. 熟知问题：Films can tell us a lot about the country in which they were made. What have you learned about a country from watching its movies?Use specific examples and details to support your response. 学校教育问题：Some people say that phyical exercise should be a required part of 题目： In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks? 范文： It is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent years. While I understand that critics may see this as an invasion of privacy, I believe that the benefits do outweigh the drawbacks. There are two main reasons why people might disapprove of the use of video cameras in public places. The first objection is that these cameras invade our privacy, in the sense that we are constantly being watched by the authorities or by private security firms. Many people find this intrusive and feel that the recording of their movements is a form of state control that curtails their individual freedom. The second argument against the proliferation of CCTV cameras is that they are being used as an alternative to police officers patrolling the streets. If this is indeed happening, then it is unlikely that members of the public will feel safer. In spite of the drawbacks mentioned above, I believe that the use of video cameras to monitor public areas is a positive measure. The key objective of video surveillance is to deter criminals and to prevent crime. For example, petty criminals like shoplifters and pickpockets are less likely to operate in parts of cities where they know that they are being watched. At the same time, when crimes are committed, the police can use video evidence to catch and prosecute offenders. Therefore, in my view, video cameras offer valuable support to police officers, and they make cities safer for inhabitants, workers and visitors alike. In conclusion, it seems to me that we gain more than we lose from the enhanced security that CCTV cameras bring to our cities. 题目： Some people think that employers should not care about the way their employees dress, because what matters is the quality of their work. To what extent do you agree or disagree? In the modern workplace, dress codes are changing as employers focus more on results than on the rules that employees must follow. While I agree that the way people dress should be seen as irrelevant in many work contexts, I believe that dress codes still exist for good reason in certain professions. On the one hand, many employers have stopped telling their staff how to dress, and I see this as a positive trend. Some of the most successful companies in the world, including technology giants like Google and Facebook, are famous for the relaxed office environments that they try to create. Employees are encouraged to dress casually, and even the company executives and leaders are rarely seen wearing anything other than T-shirts and jeans. However, while managers and programmers are free to dress how they like, they are expected to produce work of outstanding quality. It is clear from the performance and global dominance of such companies that strict dress codes are completely unnecessary in the technology sector. However, I would also argue that rules regarding employees' clothing are still relevant in other work situations. We expect certain professionals, such as nurses, police officers and airline pilots, to wear uniforms. These uniforms may have a practical or safety function, but perhaps more importantly they identify the person’s position or role in society. Similarly, a lawyer, politician or school principal may choose to wear formal clothing in order to portray an image of authority, trustworthiness and diligence. I believe that most of us prefer to see these professionals in smart, formal attire, even if it is not strictly necessary. In conclusion, I support the trend towards relaxed dress codes for workers, but I do not see it as applicable to all occupations or sectors of the economy. The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide electricity for domestic use. The picture illustrates the process of producing electricity in a home using solar panels. It is clear that there are five distinct stages in this process, beginning with the capture of energy from sunlight. The final two steps show how domestic electricity is connected to the external power supply. At the first stage in the process, solar panels on the roof of a normal house take energy from the sun and convert it into DC current. Next, this current is passed to an inverter, which changes it to AC current and regulates the supply of electricity. At stage three, electricity is supplied to the home from an electrical panel. At the fourth step shown on the diagram, a utility meter in the home is responsible for sending any extra electric power outside the house into the grid. Finally, if the solar panels do not provide enough energy for the household, electricity will flow from the utility grid into the home through the meter. Note: I've underlined examples of the two language features that make process diagram descriptions special: 'steps' language, and passive verbs. 题目：In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 范文： It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems. As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives. There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens. In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older. 题目：Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 范文： In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities. However, I do not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university subject. Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic. Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives. If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender. In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example, nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males. Apart from the practical concerns expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to base admission to university courses on gender. Universities should continue to select the best candidates for each course according to their qualifications. In this way, both men and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school. If a female student is the best candidate for a place on a course, it is surely wrong to reject her in favour of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications. In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender. 我注重为教师创设有弹性的工作空间。工作中，时时不忘征求教师的想法意见，采用对话式而非命令式；思想上，鼓励多交流不求大一统；工作方法灵活多变。我努力营造健康温馨的文化氛围。我以务实的作风投入工作，引领着的年轻教师奋发向上；我以满腔的工作热忱凝聚人心。我不摆架子、不说空话、不唱高调，常见缝插针与教师交流思想、促膝谈心，引导教师珍爱自己、热爱生活、快乐工作。一件件细致入微的小事，充分体现了我对教师的关心。我情感化、弹性化的管理凝聚了全园教师的真心，激发了各位教师工作的积极性、主动性、创造性。 爸爸既是我的贴心朋友，又是我们家的快乐小助手。爸爸是电力局的一名普通工作人员，但他工作非常认真，只要局里有领导来视察，他们单位的领导就让他写材料，他每次写的稿子都能让妈妈和我赞叹不已，领导们也纷纷地拿他的材料做范本。爸爸还有很多优点。闲暇之余不但教我写作还教我练习钢笔字，因为他的字非常漂亮，钢笔行书和毛笔草书都堪称一绝。爸爸常常吸着烟，幽默风趣地在房间里踱来踱去，每天都会让我们全家人乐得前仰后合。记得有一次，妈妈从网上购了一台面包机，这时，爸爸突然跑过来说：“咱们家又多了一只鸡了。”我四处看了看，丈二和尚摸不着头脑，半天才明白过来，爸爸说的“鸡”原来是家用电器呀！我的爸爸就是这样的一个人。他既是我们家的开心果，又是我学习的榜样。我一定要加倍努力学习，做一个像爸爸一样知识渊博，乐观豁达的人。 2016年雅思写作高分技巧
为了让大家快速的提高雅思成绩，这里跟大家分享关于写作小词妙用的相关内容，希望大家能熟练掌握它们，并在考试中灵活运用。希望大家耐心的复习，认真的准备，好好总结，到时你会发现，其实要取得雅思写作高分并没有想象中的那么难!
1. 名词活用作动词
head作为名词来讲表示“头”，用作动词可表示“朝向，为首”
e.g.: ...So South Korea heads the education-mobility league, just ahead of Finland.
这里的heads相当于takes the leading role in,但却显得十分生动形象，简洁而有力。
再来看另一个例子，大家比较熟悉的fuel的含义是“燃料”，但是在下面这句话中fuel仍然是指“燃料”么?
e.g.: ...Alibaba’s growth has been impressive. But it has been partly fuelled by hasty acquisitions—more than a dozen big ones this year alone, to the tune of around billion.
在这句话中，fuel是指一些仓促的并购为阿里巴巴的上市加油，推波助澜。
2. 具象词用作抽象词
具体词用作抽象词是指把一个单词的具体含义进行引申从而用在某些抽象的场合。 我们一起来看下面几个例子。
e.g.: The soccer fans basked in the glory of world cup
bask这个单词表示晒太阳，由此可以引申出沉浸，沐浴在(胜利，喜悦，赞美，关怀中)。所以这句话的意思是球迷们沉浸在世界杯的荣耀中。
e.g.: Social mobility, or the lack of it, gnaws at the consciences of governments.
gnaw原义是指小动物(啮齿类动物) 咬，啃。引申一下就变成了使烦恼、折磨。这句话是说社会流动性或缺乏社会流动性折磨着政府的`良心。
3. 本义引申
有些单词在长期使用中，可能会慢慢衍变成其他我们更熟悉的含义。而它的本来意思可以引申出一些很生动奇妙的用法。
e.g.: Thousands were thrown into homeless by the war.
throw原本指人在马背上，被马突然摔在地上。因此就有了这样的用法，表示使处于、使陷入(某种状态中)。这句话的意思是战争使成千上万人无家可归。
e.g.: The fund has been used mainly to finance the construction of local facilities.
finance的本义大家都很熟悉，表示“财政，资金”，引申义是“为...提供资金”。这种用法在经济类期刊杂志中很常见。✦ 雅思写作思想总结
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